Second year syllabus for JNTU BME 2-2

II Year B.Tech. BME - II Semester
(HS05353)MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

UNIT I
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
Definition, Nature and Scope Managerial Economics–Demand Analysis: Demand
Determinants, Law of Demand and its exceptions.

UNIT II
ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
Definition, Types, Measurement and Significance of Elasticity of Demand. Demand
Forecasting, Factors governing demand forecasting, methods of demand forecasting
(survey methods, statistical methods, expert opinion method, test marketing,
controlled experiments, judgmental approach to demand forecasting)

UNIT III
THEORY OF PRODUCTION AND COST ANALYSIS
Production Function – Isoquants and Isocosts, MRTS, Least Cost Combination of
Inputs, Production function, Laws of Returns, Internal and External Economies of
Scale.
Cost Analysis: Cost concepts, Opportunity cost, Fixed Vs.Variable costs, Explicit
costs Vs.Implicit costs, Out of pocket costs vs. Imputed costs. Break-even Analysis
(BEA)-termination of Break-Even Point (simple problems)-Managerial Significance
and limitations of BEA.

UNIT IV
INTRODUCTION TO MARKETS & PRICING STRATEGIES
Market structures: Types of competition, Features of Perfect competition, Monopoly
and Monopolistic Competition. Price-Output Determination in case of Perfect Competition
and Monopoly. Pricing Strategies

UNIT V
BUSINESS & NEW ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Characteristic features of Business, Features and evaluation of Sole Proprietorship,
Partnership, Joint Stock Company, Public Enterprises and their types, Changing
Business Environment in Post-liberalization scenario.

UNIT VI
CAPITAL AND CAPITAL BUDGETING
Capital and its significance, Types of Capital, Estimation of Fixed and Working capital
requirements, Methods and sources of raising finance. Nature and scope of capital
budgeting, features of capital budgeting proposals, Methods of Capital Budgeting:
Payback Method, Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) and Net Present Value Method
(simple problems)

UNIT VII
INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Double-Entry Book Keeping, Journal, Ledger, Trial Balance- Final Accounts (Trading
Account, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet with simple adjustments).

UNIT VIII
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS THROUGH RATIOS
Computation, Analysis and Interpretation of Liquidity Ratios (Current Ratio and quick
ratio), Activity Ratios (Inventory turnover ratio and Debtor Turnover ratio), Capital
structure Ratios (Debt-Equity ratio, Interest Coverage ratio), and Profitability ratios
(Gross Profit Ratio, Net Profit ratio, Operating Ratio, P/E Ratio and EPS).

TEXTBOOKS
1. Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis – Aryasri, TMH,2/E, 2005.
2. Managerial Economics - Varshney & Maheswari, Sultan Chand, 2003.

REFERENCES
1. Financial Accounting for Management - Ambrish Gupta, Pearson Education,
New Delhi, 2004.
2. Financial Accounting - Schaum’s Outlines, Shim &Siegel,TMH, 2/E,2004
3. Production and Operations Management – Chary, TMH, 3/e, 2004.
4. Managerial Economics In a Global Economy - Domnick Salvatore, Thomson,
4th Edition 2003.
5. Financial Accounting—A Managerial Perspective – Narayanaswamy, PHI, 2005
6. Managerial Economics - Peterson & Lewis, Pearson Education, 4th Edition,
2004
7. Managerial Economics& Financial Analysis - Raghunatha Reddy &
Narasimhachary, Scitech, 2005.
8. Financial Accounting - S.N.Maheswari & S.K. Maheswari, Vikas, 2005.
9. Managerial Economics:Analysis, Problems and Cases - Truet and Truet, Wiley,
2004.
10. Managerial Economics – Dwived, Vikas, 6th Ed.,2002
11. Managerial Economics - Yogesh Maheswari, PHI, 2nd Ed., 2nd Ed. 2005.


II Year B.Tech. BME - II Semester
(CE 05239) ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

UNIT - I
Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope and
Importance – Need for Public Awareness.

UNIT - II
Natural Resources : Renewable and non-renewable resources – Natural resources
and associated problems – Forest resources – Use and over – exploitation,
deforestation, case studies – Timber extraction – Mining, dams and other effects on
forest and tribal people – Water resources – Use and over utilization of surface and
ground water – Floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems
- Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and
using mineral resources, case studies. - Food resources: World food problems,
changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture,
fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. - Energy resources:
Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources use of
alternate energy sources. Case studies. Land resources: Land as a resource, land
degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. Role of an
individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources for
sustainable lifestyles.

UNIT - III
Ecosystems : Concept of an ecosystem. - Structure and function of an ecosystem.
- Producers, consumers and decomposers. - Energy flow in the ecosystem -
Ecological succession. - Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. -
Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following
ecosystem:
a. Forest ecosystem
b. Grassland ecosystem
c. Desert ecosystem
d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

UNIT - IV
Biodiversity and its conservation : Introduction - Definition: genetic, species and
ecosystem diversity. - Bio-geographical classification of India - Value of biodiversity:
consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values - .
Biodiversity at global, National and local levels. - . India as a mega-diversity nation
- Hot-sports of biodiversity - Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife,
man-wildlife conflicts. - Endangered and endemic species of India - Conservation of
biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

UNIT - V
Environmental Pollution : Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of :
a. Air pollution
b. Water pollution
c. Soil pollution
d. Marine pollution
e. Noise pollution
f. Thermal pollution
g. Nuclear hazards
Solid waste Management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and
industrial wastes. - Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. - Pollution case
studies. - Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

UNIT - VI
Social Issues and the Environment : From Unsustainable to Sustainable
development -Urban problems related to energy -Water conservation, rain water
harvesting, watershed management -Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its
problems and concerns. Case Studies -Environmental ethics: Issues and possible
solutions. -Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear
accidents and holocaust. Case Studies. -Wasteland reclamation. -Consumerism
and waste products. -Environment Protection Act. -Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act. -Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act -Wildlife Protection
Act -Forest Conservation Act -Issues involved in enforcement of environmental
legislation. -Public awareness.

UNIT - VII
Human Population and the Environment : Population growth, variation among
nations. Population explosion - Family Welfare Programme. -Environment and human
health. -Human Rights. -Value Education. -HIV/AIDS. -Women and Child Welfare. -
Role of information Technology in Environment and human health. -Case Studies.

UNIT - VIII
Field work : Visit to a local area to document environmental assets River /forest
grassland/hill/mountain -Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/industrial/
Agricultural Study of common plants, insects, birds. -Study of simple ecosystemspond,
river, hill slopes, etc.

TEXTBOOK :
Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses by Erach Bharucha
for University Grants Commission.


II Year B.Tech. BME - II Semester
(EC05497) PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS

UNIT I
LINEAR WAVESHAPING
High pass, low pass RC circuits, their response for sinusoidal, step, pulse, square
and ramp inputs. RC network as differentiator and integrator, attenuators, its
applications in CRO probe, RL and RLC circuits and their response for step input,
Ringing circuit.

UNIT II
NON-LINEAR WAVE SHAPING
Diode clippers, Transistor clippers, clipping at two independent levels, Transfer
characteristics of clippers, Emitter coupled clipper, Comparators, applications of
voltage comparators, clamping operation, clamping circuits using diode with different
inputs, Clamping circuit theorem, practical clamping circuits, effect of diode
characteristics on clamping voltage, Transfer characteristics of clampers.

UNIT III
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES
Diode as a switch, piecewise linear diode characteristics, Transistor as a switch,
Break down voltage consideration of transistor, saturation parameters of Transistor
and their variation with temperature, Design of transistor switch, transistor-switching
times.

UNIT IV
MULTIVIBRATORS
Analysis and Design of Bistable, Monostable, Astable Multivibrators and Schmitt
trigger using transistors.

UNIT V
TIME BASE GENERATORS
General features of a time base signal, methods of generating time base waveform,
Miller and Bootstrap time base generators – basic principles, Transistor miller time
base generator, Transistor Bootstrap time base generator, Current time base
generators.

UNIT VI
SYNCHRONIZATION AND FREQUENCY DIVISION
Principles of Synchronization, Frequency division in sweep circuit, Astable relaxation
circuits, Monostable relaxation circuits, Synchronization of a sweep circuit with
symmetrical signals, Sine wave frequency division with a sweep circuit.

UNIT VII
SAMPLING GATES
Basic operating principles of sampling gates, Unidirectional and Bi-directional
sampling gates, Reduction of pedestal in gate circuits, Applications of sampling
gates.

UNIT VIII
REALIZATION OF LOGIC GATES USING DIODES & TRANSISTORS
AND, OR gates using Diodes, Resistor, Transistor Logic, Diode Transistor Logic.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms - J. Millman and H. Taub, McGraw-
Hill, 1991.
2. Solid State Pulse circuits - David A. Bell, PHI, 4th Edn.., 2002 .

REFERENCES
1. Pulse and Digital Circuits – A. Anand Kumar, PHI.
2. Wave Generation and Shaping - L. Strauss.
3. Pulse, Digital Circuits and Computer Fundamentals - R.Venkataraman.


II Year B.Tech. BME - II
(EC05471) PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS

UNIT I
Introduction : Block diagram of Electrical communication system, Radio communication
: Types of communications, Analog, pulse and digital Types of signals, Fourier
Transform for various signals, Fourier Spectrum, Power spectral density,
Autocorrelation, correlation, convolution.

UNIT II
Amplitude Modulation : Need for modulation, Types of Amplitude modulation, AM,
DSB SC, SSB SC, Power and BW requirements, generation of AM, DSB SC, SSB
SC, Demodulation of AM : Diode detector, Product demodulation for DSB SC &
SSB SC.

UNIT III
Angle Modulation : Frequency & Phase modulations, advantages of FM over AM,
Bandwidth consideration, Narrow band and Wide band FM, Comparison of FM &
PM.

UNIT IV
Pulse Modulations : Sampling, Nyquist rate of sampling, Sampling theorem for Band
limited signals, PAM, regeneration of base band signal, PWM and PPM, Time Divison
Multiplexing, Frequency Divison Multiplexing, Asynchronous Multiplexing.

UNIT V
Digital Communication : Advantages, Block diagram of PCM, Quantization, effect of
quantization, quantization error, Base band digital signal, DM, ADM, ADPCM and
comparison.

UNIT VI
Digital Modulation : ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QPSK demodulation, coherent and
incoherent reception, Modems.

UNIT VII
Information Theory : Concept of information, rate of information and entropy, Source
coding for optimum rate of information, Coding efficiency, Shanon-Fano and Huffman
coding.

UNIT VIII
Error control coding : Introduction, Error detection and correction codes, block codes,
convolution codes.

TEXTBOOKS
1. Communication Systems Analog and Digital – R.P. Singh and SD Sapre,
TMH, 20th reprint, 2004.
2. Principles of Communications – H. Taub and D. Schilling, TMH, 2003.

REFERENCES
1. Electronic Communication Systems – Kennedy and Davis, TMH, 4th edition,
2004.
2. Communication Systems Engineering – John. G. Proakis and Masoud Salehi,
PHI, 2nd Ed. 2004.


II Year B.Tech. BME - II Semester
(BM05064) BASIC CLINICAL SCIENCES-I

UNIT-I
NEPHROLOGY: Principles of dialysis; Haemodialysis, Acetate dialysis, Bicarbonate
dialysis. Peritonial dialysis, Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, Haemoperfusion,
Sequential ultra filtration. Haemofiltration, Adequacy of dialysis, Clearance,
dialysance,

UNIT-II
Components of dialysing system, Dialysate, composition of dialysate, Types of
dialysers, controls and monitoring devices for dialysers. Clinical significance. Renal
transplantation: Basic principles.

UNIT-III
NEUROLOGY: Diseases of nervous system, spinal cord lesions, motor nervous
disease, Prolapsed intravertebral disc, Neuropathies, Myasthenia gravis, Diseases
of muscle.

UNIT-IV
DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS IN NEUROLOGY. Electro
encephalography.Computerized axial tomography, Angiography,
Pneumoencephalography, neuromuscular stimulation, Electromyography. Clinical
applications. Clinical significance, Diseases of muscle, Motor neuron disorders, The
electrical study of reflexes. The silent period. The F response, The H reflex, The
axion reflexes. Disorders of neuromuscular transmission

UNIT-V
CARDIOLOGY: Heart structure and function, Cardiac cycle, various valves and their
function, Cardio vascular measurements. Prosthetic devices. Monitors. Heart lung
machine applications and clinical significance. CVP and SWAN catheters. Electro
cardiography: Source of ECG potentials: Dipole theory, conduction system, Normal
and abnormal ECG’s. Diagnostic applications, interpretation of ECG. Cardiacpacing.
Diagnostic indications. Criteria for selection. Therapeutic indications. Complications.
Temporary pacing. Permanent pacing.

UNIT-VI
CARDIAC ASSIST DEVICES: Arterial and Ventricular fibrillation, application of
cardiac assist devices. Cardiac catheterisation. Echocardiography, Cine angiography,
Treadmill and Ergometer Applications and Clinical significance. Diagnostic usage
of ultrasound scanners. Doppler ultrasound measurement. Clinical significance. Open
heart surgery grafts, bypass surgery. Instrumentation used for open-heart surgery,
Organization of I.C.C.U Clinical aspects.

UNIT-VII
GENERAL SURGERY: Surgical patient. Clinically significant investigations, Pre
operative preparation. Study and operation of surgical equipment. laproscopy and
its use in various surgeries

UNIT-VIII
GASTROENTROLOGY: Anatomy and physiology of G.I.T. clinically significant
symptoms, signs and diseases. Nutritional support and parenteral therapy. Height
and weight estimations according to age. Intravenous cannulae, I. V Sets, Infusion
pumps, stomach wash tubes. Various endoscopic procedures, liver biopsy etc.

REFERENCE:
1. Diseases of kidney, vol. 1&2 Little Brown.
2. Physiological Approach to Clinical Neurology by Lance Mcleod
3. Cardio vascular assist devices
4. Rushmer , Cardio vascular Dynamics.
5. Dent. Stodel, tureoffe Surgical Endoscopy
6. Tean W. Salesh, Laproscopy


II Year B.Tech. BME - II Semester
(BM05101)BIOTRANSDUCERS AND APPLICATIONS

UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION: Classification, Basic requirements of bio transducers, Quasi state
effects (linearity, Hysterisis), Amplitude distortion, Phase distortion, Sampling errors,
Input and Output impedance effects, Factors influencing the choice and design of
the transducer in Measuring the Physiological Parameters.

UNIT-II
TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCERS (Measurement Principle, Design and
Applications): Thermo resistive, Thermo electric, PN junction diode- Thermometers,
frequency change temperature Transducers, Chemical Thermometry, Radiation
Thermometry.

UNIT-III
DISPLACEMENT, TRANSDUCERS: Potentiometric Transducers: Resistive,
Resistive strain gauges. L V. D. T, Inductive displacement transducer, Capacitive
displacement transducers, Ultrasonic methods.

UNIT-IV
FORCE & VELOCITY TRANSDUCERS: Differentiation and Integration methods,
Doppler system, Methods based on the mass bauer effect, Electro magnetic methods.
Acceleration transducers: Piezo electric transducers

UNIT-V
PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS: Occlusive cuff methods. Force balance methods.
Direct hydraulically coupled Catheter transducer system, Diaphragm displacement
pressure transducers. Electrical transduction methods for Catheter tip transducer.
Optical transducers. Implantable pressure transducer, Micro pressure transducer.

UNIT-VI
FLOW TRANSDUCERS: Flow probe design and application: Catheter tip
electromagnetic Intra vascular probe & electronic system. Doppler shift flow meters,

Pressure gradient technique, Intra vascular Thermistor probe, Water filled
plethysmography, Air filled plethysmography, Fick & Rapid injection indicator dilution
methods.

UNIT-VII
BIOTELEMETRY: Radio Telemetry principles, FM, AM, PCM. Transmission of
biological data through radio telemetry. Single channel, multi channel systems. Block
diagrams and functions of bio signal transmitters and receivers.

UNIT- VIII
Bioelectric Amplifiers - Different types of Bioelectric amplifiers, Principle of Operational
Amplifier, Instrumentation Amplifier characteristics, Integrator, Differentiator, Log
Amplifier and Antilog Amplifier. Signal Conditioning

TEXT BOOKS:
1. John Webster. Medical Instrumentation.- Application and Design. John Wiley
and Sons. Inc., New York. Third edition 2003.
2. Tatsuo Togawa, Toshiyo Tamura & P, Ake Oberg, Biomedical Transducers and
Instruments, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1997.

REFERENCE:
1. Richard. S. C.Cobbold; Transducers for Biomedical Measurements- principles
and application; Krieger pub Co, 1992
2. L. A Geddes, L.E.Baker, Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation, John
Wiley & Sons. 1989.


II Year B.Tech. BME - II Semester
(EC05498) PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS LAB.

MINIMUM TWELVE EXPERIMENTS TO BE CONDUCTED :
1. Linear wave shaping.
2. Non Linear wave shaping – Clippers.
3. Non Linear wave shaping – Clampers.
4. Transistor as a switch.
5. Study of Logic Gates & Some applications.
6. Study of Flip-Flops & some applications.
7. Sampling Gates.
8. Astable Multivibrator.
9. Monostable Multivibrator.
10. Bistable Multivibrator.
11. Schmitt Trigger.
12. UJT Relaxation Oscillator.
13. Bootstrap sweep circuit.

II Year B.Tech. BME - II Semester
(BM05557) TRANSDUCERS LAB

1. L.V.D.T & STRAIN GAUGE
Designing of Oscillator & proportional amplifier
2. Resistance Thermometry (R. T. D)
3. Thermister & Thermocouple
Designing of Bridge Circuit & Reference Junction Compensation Circuit
4. Photo Sensors: Photo Diode, Solar Cell, and Photo Transistor
5. pH Measurement
6. Pressure Measurement
Designing of Instrumentation Amp With Different Gains
7. Level Measurement
8. P. I. D
P.I, P.D, P. I. D
Designing Of Integrator & Differentiator Using Components
9. Op-Amp As Adder Subtractor
Designing of Adder & Subtractor Using Components
10. Speed Measurement
11. L. D. R & Piezo Electric Transducers
12. Inductive & Capacitive Pickup